ABSTRACT
The importance of sodium intake in the control of cardiovascular risk
Sodium is one of the most important electrolytes in the human body, playing that plays a key role in regulating water and electrolyte balance, maintaining acid-base balance, and controlling blood pressure. The appropriate concentration of sodium is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous and muscular systems, however, an excessive dietary intake of sodium poses a substantial public health problem. Modern dietary habits, which are largely based on the consumption of highly processed foods, exceed significantly the recommended daily sodium intake. Numerous studies indicate that excessive sodium levels contribute to the development of hypertension by increasing body fluid volume and disrupting vascular endothelial function. Consequently, this results in a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. This article presents the current data on the impact of sodium intake on the cardiovascular system and discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the resulting relationships. Furthermore, the article also highlights the importance of dietary sodium restriction as a key element in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, in accordance with current health recommendations.
Piśmiennictwo
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