Abstract
Heart murmurs in primary care practice: Differential diagnosis and most common pitfalls
Heart murmurs are common in primary care and may reflect either benign functional phenomena or clinically significant structural heart disorders. Contemporary evaluation schemes rely on careful auscultation combined with symptom assessment, ECG, and transthoracic echocardiography. Recent guideline updates emphasize the importance of patient-centered decision making, Heart Valve Centers, and advanced imaging studies for specific diagnostic dilemmas (e.g. aortic stenosis phenotypes). This review offers a structured, practical framework for primary care physicians to differentiate between innocent and pathological murmurs, recognize red flags, avoid common pitfalls, and select appropriate therapeutic pathways.
Zalecane piśmiennictwo
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